Kabul: The Taliban-led Afghan government is aggressively courting local and foreign investors to tap into the country’s vast mineral wealth, estimated to be worth over $1 trillion. The move aims to generate crucial revenue amid economic struggles, though experts warn of environmental risks and regulatory gaps.
A Strategic Push for Mining Investments
Since reclaiming power in 2021, the Taliban has signed nearly 200 mining contracts, primarily with local companies, focusing on resources like emeralds, rubies, marble, gold, and lithium. The authorities claim this initiative will lead to economic self-sufficiency, despite lacking technical expertise, infrastructure, and mining knowledge.
Humayoun Afghan, a spokesperson for the Ministry of Mines, emphasized that Afghanistan is open to any investor, particularly those with mining experience. The government is prioritizing the extraction of minerals with volatile prices, such as lithium, over those expected to retain long-term value.
Foreign Players and Economic Expansion
With improved security and better road networks, Afghanistan is witnessing renewed foreign interest. Countries maintaining economic ties with Kabul, including China, Iran, Turkey, Uzbekistan, and Qatar, are capitalizing on investment opportunities.
Chinese firms have secured multiple contracts, including operations at Mes Aynak, one of the world’s largest copper deposits, and significant gold mining projects. Meanwhile, jade extraction in Nangarhar province is booming, with most of the nephrite supply exported to China.
The World Bank reports that the mining sector expanded by 6.9% in 2023-24, contributing to an overall 2.6% growth in Afghanistan’s industrial sector. Officials claim the industry has created 150,000 jobs since 2021.
Challenges and Environmental Concerns
Despite improved stability, sporadic attacks on foreign workers remain a concern. In January, a Chinese miner was killed in Takhar province, highlighting the security risks.
Experts also warn that fast-tracked mining projects could lead to severe environmental damage. Without stringent regulations, toxic mine waste could contaminate water sources, posing long-term economic and ecological risks.
Though the Taliban government insists on following environmental standards, it has provided little clarity on cleanup efforts post-extraction. With international investors balancing economic opportunities against risks, Afghanistan’s mining sector is set to shape the country’s future financial stability.
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